BeagleBone-Black crashes when restarting chrony.service when using custom kernel

What have you changed between the 2 kernels. Whatever you are adding or removing is causing the problem. That’s going to be the first thing to work out.

You can also do zcat /proc/config.gz (think that is the right path) on both working and non working systems to check exactly what config options were set in the kernels. Maybe something is missing in the non working build.