However, IP/DHCP/… does not seem to work at all. The Ethernet PHY autonegotiation seems to work fine but everything IP related does not. According to this post, this limitation is known.
My question now is: Is there another sensible way to achieve netboot (esp. pulling a kernel and not just the rootfs)? Is IP support for U-Boot a planned feature? What exactly needs to be done here?
Some time has passed since I submitted this post until it was approved. In the meantime, I was able to resolve the issue. The problem was that the installed Ethernet PHY was not yet linked to the correct driver. With the following patch, IP in U-Boot works again:
Since the linked U-Boot fork seems to be abandoned and since the new PHY is already implemented in the mainline U-Boot, I hope this post will help people who are also using the “old” fork to get on the right track.