Just in case you still care about this:
You may want to get any of the debian-12 images from here, i personally started with the “minimal-2G” one on a BBB.
Then (and this is why i write here) you might want to get the device tree from github to map your i2c device to the /sys file system. I personally found the programming way easier (simply opening and reading pseudo files) than integrating some long-outdated python libs (if this is what you do) from adafruit or elsewhare.