Your older image, was missing the device-tree modifications needed to use 1-wire.
Today to do those modifications we use “u-boot overlays”, where u-boot will apply the overlay before the kernel loads. Your version of u-boot was to old to properly support the syntax and functionally required.
While you set the values in /boot/uEnv.txt, your version of u-boot did not know what todo with that information.
i activate the following lines in the /boot/uEnv.txt:
disable_uboot_overlay_video=1
disable_uboot_overlay_audio=1
and deactivate
#enable_uboot_cape_universal=1
and now ds18b20 accessible on pin P8.46.