The trouble with pretty much all articles on the internet is that they become out of date.
The link was mainly for the section on configuring Windows ICS. However it has been many years since I actually had to use Windows, so I wouldn’t know if they were correct.
As far as the BBB is confirmed you need to make sure of a few things.
Run a recent version. Grab an image from here:
https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/bb.org/testing/
Then make sure these are set correctly.
The IP address of the USB interface
The IP routing
The DNS server.
Regardless of what any articles say, if these are set then you need to do nothing with your BBB. If you are running a recent image these are probably going to be set.
Check first before trying to change anything.
If you have SSH’d into the BBB via the USB cable, then the IP addresses will be fine and you just need to check routing.
To check IP address in a console on the BBB.
debian@BeagleBone:~$ ip -br addr
lo UNKNOWN 127.0.0.1/8 ::1/128
eth0 DOWN
usb0 UP 192.168.7.2/24 fe80::1eba:8cff:fea0:c59b/64
usb1 UP 192.168.6.2/24 fe80::1eba:8cff:fea0:c59d/64
can0 DOWN
can1 DOWN
USB0 should be set as shown.
The IP addresses for the USB connections are set in
/etc/systemd/network/usb0.network and /etc/systemd/network/usb1.network
But you shouldn’t need to change these.
To check routing.
debian@BeagleBone:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.7.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 usb0
192.168.6.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 usb1
192.168.7.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 usb0
Interestingly on my BBB running Debian 11.5 XFCE from 01/11/2022 the default gateway was not set. This may have been something I changed as I always use ethernet on the BBB, but I don’t remember doing so. I usually run the minimal version, and only installed that to test something out.
You can set the default if not set by running:
debian@BeagleBone:~$ sudo route add default gw 192.168.7.1 usb0
You should be able to have this done automatically though.
You need to configure a DNS server for looking up IP address. Unless you are using a vary old system, do not edit /etc/resolv.conf as this is very often automatically generated and any changes you make will get overwritten.
If using systemd, which if you are running an up to date image you should be, you can edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
You will see a commented out line #DNS=
Change the line to DNS=8.8.8.8 or another IP of your choice.
If you can ping 192.168.7.1 from the BBB, then everything so far is correct.
I would be surprised if this fails.
If you can’t ping 8.8.8.8 then Windows ICS is not working correctly.
If you have any AV/firewalls configured on Windows, including the built in stuff, check to make sure they are not blocking access.
Beyond that I suggest googling for Windows ICS not working.